William damerel



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`L- y Leners Patent No. 77,963, and May 19, 186s.

IMPROVEMENT 1N luunnsLLAs.

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T OALL WHOM IT MAY CON CERN:

Be it known that I, WILLIAMDAMEREL, of Brooklyn, inthe county of Kings, inthe 'State of New York,` have invented a. 'new and useful'Improv'ei-nent in Umbrellas and Parasols; and I d o hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,4`and exact-description thereof, which will enable th'ose skilled in the' art to make end use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming'part of this specification, in which drawing- Figure 1 is an elevation of an umbrella extended, the runner being held up by a spring-hook;

Figure 2 represents the umbrella Ain red-outline,the spring-hook being provided witha stop, according to my application filed December 17, 1866, said stop serving to limit the upward .morem'eut of the ,runnerr and l also to retain the spring-hook in line with the stick. The runner may be `arrested b'ya stop on tl1- stick, if

preferred. I i

Eigure 3 shows the umbrella as it appears when the sprinlgfhook has been pushed outwards from the stick to alloysr the runner t'o descendand the` umbrella to be closed.- i

Figure 4 isa cross-section of the stick in the line a: nz, g. 1. Figure l5 is a' crossgsection' of a stick made of a single tube.

Figure 6 shows'a modification, iu which the stick is made from semi-cylinders. Figure 7 shows a double tube without a rib. Figure 8ill ustr ates a method of making the umbrella-stick of double tubes. Similar letters indicate corresponding-parts. l The letter a designates the stick or handle of an umbrella.: bis the crown-piece, and c the runner,`both of which arein this example free to turn on ,the stick, although my improvement can be used on umbrellas and parasols which hai/ ey thecrowmpieceimmovably' fastened` to the stick. The said crownepiece b is not allowed to move up or down, being placed between collars or pins, which allow it to turn, but not to. slide on the stick. d is a springhook, which extends downwards from the crown-piece at a proper distance from the stickfto engage the llange, of the runner, and h old the latter up when it is desired to keep the umbrella extended.4

y The shank of the hook may be provided with a stop to limit the upward movement ot` the runner, andrto keep the spring-hook in line with the stick, as is set forth in my application'led December 17, 1866, but I do not vlay claim to the stop inv this application, and therefore no further description or explanation thereof is necessary. v

On the shank of the spring-hook, below the point which. is occupied by/such, a stop I form a swell or cani, e, from whichthe shank recedes both aboveand below. i i d The object o this device is to enable the spring-hook to be automatically sprung away from the stick when the runner is to beV released, and the umbrella closed. The runner is elongated 'above the auge to which the Astrete ers are hinged, and to the upper end of the elongationisattached a. collnr,f, which is held to the body of the runner by means of rigid arms, h, thatpass loosely through the upper flange, g, ofthe runner, and are l bentinto hooks beneath said lange, so Vas to hold the collar to the runner, and yet allow it to become separated therefrom 4at times the length ot" the arms.

The fiangg is `so formed that its under side forms ingente angle with'the exterior of the runner, to enable it to be engaged with certaintyby the spring-hook al, when the umbrella is to be` held open, while its upper side forms an obtuse angle with the stick, or, in other` words, is bevelled downwards to enable the saidange to pass the hook when the runner is shoved upwards on opening the umbrella. The under side af the hook is also be'velled, but in the reverse direction.

The sliding coliar',f, isin form a horizontal section oifpan inverted cone, and, as it is always inadvance of therunner, it comes first in contact with the underside of the springhook, when the umbrella is opened, and

easily passes it, owing to the bevelled form of the bottom ofthe hook.

The'operation of opening and closing the umbrella is as follows: i When the umbrella. is to be raised, the runner is pushed upwards until its flange g has'. passed the bottom of the spring-hook, when the operator releases the runner, andallows' it to hang upon the hook, which holds vit up, and thereby keeps the umbrella open as long as is desired. When the umbrella. is to be closed,it is vnot necessary for the. operator to seize the hook and withdrawit from engagement with the runner, but its disengagement is accomplished automatically, by means ot14 -therunner itself,in the following manner: The runner is pushed still further-upwards, until the collarjfstrikes the swell or Cam e f the spring-hook, andsprings the hook outwards far enough to free it lfrom the runner.

The collar is held stationary between the shank of' the hook and the stick by friction, und toinsure its retention until positive force is'used to pull -it down'. I have made the shank of the hook to recede above the cam, so as to allow the upper edge of the collar tol be caught by the cam, the collar being'at the same time prevented frombeing pushed too far upwards by'means of a stop, as before:explained Solong as the collaris thus held, thehook remains' disengaged from the runner, which is then drawn downwards past the bottom of .the hook, andso soon as it has moved downwards'-a`distance equal to the length 4of the hooked arms It, which attach it to thel colla'r, the latter is immediately pulled downwards and released from its confinement between the stick and the shank of hookd, and it continues to follow the runner, its conical sides enabling itto pass the .point of the hook with facility and certainty, and it again takesits place next the runner, its arms extending i along the elongated upper part IJhereof. I

By means of this part of my invention;therefore, I am Yenabledl to close the umbrella automatically, the spring-hook being operated-by'therunner itself, the' hook itself b eng shortened, sothat the llange of the runner, which holds 'the stretchers, does not rise as high as the bottom of the hook, .and therefore does not interf fere with'it, as in those umbrellas where pendent hooks or detente are made of such a length as to pass down between the str'etehers in order that the operator may reach its end and push it'awayfrom the runner.

My invention relates, further, to'- the const ruction'ol74 sticks for umbrellas and parasols.

The stick, it, is formed of doubletubes'fplaced one within the other. Withinl the inner tube, throughout the length of the stiekfis iixed a bridgepiece or rib, z', that extends across it in the line f its diameter, one edge being held fast in the seam or j ointof the tube, and the'other resting against the opposite side et` the 'ube.

' The object ofl the rib is to stiifen the stick. It alsdfacilitatesthe closing of the seam or joint of the tube, by soldering oibraz'iug where the tube is lmade of very thin material, an angle being formed en each side of the rib, along the whole length'of the seam or joint, which enables the soldering-material, whenthc tube is l v immersed therein,Y to adhere more readily than it would to a plain seam or joint.A

I employ these-.id rib in sticks madeof single tubes aswell as in those made of double tubes, an example of the former kind vbeing' shown in lig. 5.

' The outer and inner tubes are placed together, either beforeior after the rib z' is soldered or br'azed tothe inner,l as-may be preferred; `Inorder toenable those skilled in the art to make sticks of double tubes according to my invention, .L

give the followingiexplanation:

Before placing the said tubes together,- I clean them' of grease and other foreign substances by means of lIuuriatie or other suitable acids, and wet them with a. solution of sal-ammonia, and then insert theA smaller within the larger, in such a manner as to brealrjoints; that isi to say, their seams'or'joints'ccme`oppositeV the solid portions of the tubesrespectively. The double `tubes are in the next place passed through a series ot' rollers andguides like that represented in red outline in fig. 8;, for the purpose of' connecting them together, f .end at the sametime closing the sean or joint of the outer tube, using in the operation a suicient degree ot' heat to eieet a union or cementa'tion between the surfaces of the tubes which are in contact. Y The rollers are groovedt'o the depth of halfthe 'diameter of the double tube, so that they will act as feedrollers, whilst they also. compress the sides of the louter tube, and force lthem against the inner,and close the edges'of the outer tubes, thereby bringing the parts int-o proper relations to each other for effecting a complete union of the tubes by`cementation, under'the influence of heat, in conjunction with the sal-ammonia solution, 'acting asa Hux. .The rollers revolve so as to carry the tube slowly towards the right, 'After passing thefirst pair of rollers, the tubes go between guides, which support them, and keep the outer tube closed upon the-inner, so as to present them in proper relations to the flame of a lamp or furnace placed behind the first set ef'guides.

The heat of the flame, in conjunction with the flux or cementing-material, unites or solders the adjacent surfaces of said tubes together, and the two tubes become, in ell`ect, a single tube, -possessing the united strength of the two. l l Y' After passing the lamp or furnace, they go through or between guides, which have tubular elongatins, v that keep thesides of the tubes compressed,'so as to give them time to cool and'allowthe-fused metal or solder vto set rmly. From thence they go between a second pair ot 'grooved feeding-rollers, which carry the tube out of the apparatus. i

I do not, in thisnpplication, lay claim to the apparatus shown in ig. 8, as it properly forms the subject of n. 4separate application, and therefore it is n ot necessary to givcany further explanation than l. have'bcregiven J of the mode of making umbrella or parasol-sticks of double cir-compound tubes.

I make the inner tube of ordinary tin plate, andthe outer tube of thinsheet brass, o1" other ornamental metal, to which latter the tin adheres when the two .tubes are treated as described in presence of a sui'tablellux, -or both tubes'may be made of tin-plate. The tubes which 4I use nre bent up from strips of sheet metnl in the ordinary way'.

In fig. 4, Ihave shown in cross-section a stick with double tubes, and a bridge or 'rib Within the in'ner'tube. In g. 7, I have shown a doubletube, the rib being left out, so. that the tubel can be used for umbrellas or parasolswhich are made with spring-catches. working in slots inthe 'sticks. Sticks with ribs in them are more l especially applicable to umbrellas or'parasols whose detents orhcatqcvhes "aie arranged :as herein shown on' the exterior, without requiring slots in the sticks.

The stick shown in iig.- 5 has a stifening-rib applied to'a single tube, and in iig. 6 I havek shown a modification,.wl1cre both the inner andthe outer tubes are; made of semi-cylinders, cemented or soldered together y edge to edge', with a. rib extending' through the interior, the edges of said rib` being allowed to come outI ilush with the exterior of thel inner tubeA` to Wliieh'ih is soldered before the parts whichbomposo the outer tube' are added. The tube is plugged or capped in the ordinary manner for use .in .umbrellas ouparasols.

What I claim as new, and'desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The conical collanf, connectedV to therunner c by means of links 7L, substantially as 'and` for the purpose set forth.

2. The cam e ou the springhoolc d, arrung'ed tooperate with the coll-erf, substantially as described. 3. An umbrella-stick, made of` an inner and outer tube united throughout their length, substantially as described. l y l l i 4. The bridge-pieces', applied within a tubular umbrella or parasolstiek, substantially as described. This specification signed by n ie, this'lOth day of June, 1867. Y V WILLIAM DAMEREL.

Witnesses: i

W. Humm,v G. BEBG. 

